Adam Hampton’s 2017 study “Channels of Computer-Mediated Communication and Satisfaction in Long-Distance Relationships” examined the mediums of technology most frequently used and most beneficial for couples separated geographically. The study found that although text messaging was the most frequently used medium for communication, Skype use was the strongest predictor of both relationship satisfaction and communication satisfaction, with communication satisfaction mediating the relationship among the variables (Hampton 180). Another finding was that social media communication was not preferred, likely due to the preference of LDR (long-distance relationships) to utilize more private forms of connection like Skype, text, or phone calls. The findings were gathered on Reddit using an international sample of 588 individuals currently involved in LDR. Background research to conduct the study was done using the media richness theory, social information processing theory, and the hyperpersonal model of CMC to further understand the effects of communication channels on the satisfaction of romantic relationships (Hampton 173).
For those unfamiliar with the theories utilized in this study, the media richness theory argues that CMC use can be potentially detrimental to interpersonal outcomes (Hampton 172). Contrastingly, the social information processing theory states that the exchange of social information is important for increasing intimacy in relationships (Hampton 172). Finally, the hyperpersonal model argues that it “is possible for more positive impressions to develop through CMC and other forms of communication technology that through the exclusive use of face-to-face communication” (Hampton 173). The three theories created different lenses that the study results can be looked through to make conclusions about LDR and their preferred communication channels.
As this study was conducted in 2017, it is important to put the results in perspective with the current trends in technology. The study found that 76% of people do not use Facetime to communicate in LDR, which is certainly not the case in 2022 (Hampton 177). As Skype has fallen out of popularity in recent years, the most frequently used channels in LDR now appear to be Facetime or Zoom. With all these technologies, it is important to consider that certain aspects of the relationship could affect the frequency with that they are used. Some issues could be finding an agreeable time to video chat, time zone differences, or even finding a place with a strong internet connection. These difficulties often arise in LDR, especially those taking place internationally.
A major issue with this study was using Reddit to find participants. This social networking site is often deemed unreliable for truthful and reliable information. That being said, it was probably not the best site to gather information for a scientific study. Furthermore, Reddit users only capture a small pool of LDR who likely differ from other LDR who prefer other sites for social networking. Finally, this study did not include the age or circumstance of the LDR, which is extremely important to note in terms of partner dynamics. A married couple who is separated due to participation in the military will have entirely different relationship habits than a young-adult couple who go to different colleges across the country.
Your point about Reddit is super interesting, and I completely agree. Reddit describes itself as “a network of communities where people can dive into their interests, hobbies and passions.” That being said, the people most commonly using this platform are likely active social media users and probably have a different relationship with social media technologies than older demographics do. As you mentioned, there’s a huge difference between a military couple in a long distance relationship and a college-aged couple separated due to the fact that they attend different universities. While college-students may have constant access to video chat technologies like FaceTime and Zoom, military couples may not have these luxuries. It would be interesting to see how couples in various circumstances maintain relationship satisfaction, and to consider whether this study’s results are more universal or situational.
I am really surprised to read that research seems to conflict when it comes to the question of whether social media communication improves or harms interpersonal relationships with a significant other, particularly in long-distance relationships. The social information processing theory states that social media use can increase intimacy in relationships, but the media richness theory says that CMC can be harmful to relationship outcomes. I can see both sides, in a way, because social media use can cause anxiety in those who feel the urge to check on their partner’s online status or are anticipating the next text instead of just focusing on being present where they are off their phone or device. However, social media use can benefit many couples through Facetime and effortful reminders of how much they care to stay in touch when apart, so the development of healthy social media engagement is critical in having a positive relationship with social media, but also a positive relationship with your significant other.
I agree with Anna’s comment in the sense that I can totally see the effect of social media on long distance relationships going both ways. I think it, again, depends so much on the people involved and the general nature of their relationship; trust is so important. Once any mistrust arises, it can be easy to use social media as a looking glass into what’s really going on in your partners life– who are they spending time with and could there be any foul play going on? Otherwise, that sustained connection through Facetiming and regular talking can keep a couple really in tune with one another. In that sense, the online interaction could exacerbate an unhealthy relationship and help foster a healthy one.
The thing I was most shocked about was the fact that the researchers used Reddit to find participants. This eliminates the potential for randomness in the participants, which is extremely important to the validity of results. Those who use reddit are inherently more likely to be open to others’ opinions and more likely to trust people on social media or informational sites. This is an inherent bias and a particular group of people. On another note, it is not surprising at all that speaking over video-chat would be the strongest predictor of relationship and communication satisfaction. However, with the option to text, which is far easier, I would argue more long distance couples are opting for the easier route when they have busy schedules. I am shocked by the lenses of social media and social information outside of face-to-face interactions actually being positive for intimacy and growing understanding. Personally, I think this actually leaves room for MISunderstandings, and a lack of intimacy as you are speaking to them through a phone screen and not even visually. I would be interested to see a similar study today, but with FaceTime, and also considering participants on a more random basis.