Summer 2016: Arriving in Sierra Leone

May 12, 2016 | Summer 2016 Penn State Team

Before arrival, many important preparations were taken care of in order to aid in our research on the ground. Once the chemical protocol for our strips was finalized, we stamped 500 of our own test strips and taped filter paper to popsicle sticks. We will use this as a supplemental experiment to testing the community response to the introduction of test strips. Furthermore, we have ten parameter test strips that will be used as an additional supplemental study to gather data for future work. For our primary study we have 10,000 OEM test strip. We created and brought material for our trainings and experimentation and prepared 3 binders with a set of each.

Today we met at World Hope International Headquarters in Makeni, in the Bombali District. We waited for more information on future meetings and assignments for where our experiments will take place and who will help us complete them. We had the opportunity to talk to Hassan, the Supervisor of Social Mobilization. He explained his background, which included overseeing the national burial team needed to combat the Ebola crisis. He did this by educating different members of Sierra Leonean communities, including the leaders of “secret societies” –closed groups within the communities– so that they could use their influence to re-guide traditional burial practices and ultimately reduce the spread of Ebola. Hassan will be helping us identify places that we can begin our venture as well as providing us a more in depth understanding of Sierra Leonean cultures, traditions, and social structure.

Aside from the happenings of our venture, our personal day involved waking up around 7:30 and having a breakfast of mango, eggs, sausage, and really yummy bread at 8:00. Next, we loaded up in the back of a World Hope International van and headed to the headquarters of World Hope International. We waited and then had the opportunity to speak with Hassan, then, around 6, headed off to a restaurant for dinner.

 


Summer 2015 in Zambia

Conclusion of time in Zambia:

Forty percent of pregnant women will contract a UTI at some point during their nine-month term. In rural areas, a significant percentage of this number will simply never make the trip to a doctor, and without a local and readily available diagnostic or screening tool these women will leave their condition untreated, leading to further serious complications. If a UTI is detected and treated in a timely manner, it is relatively harmless. However, women are suffering from kidney failure, stillborns, and even death because of the lack of knowledge of the infection and the inaccessibility of UTI diagnostic and treatment tools. UTIs are a serious problem in the rural communities that needs to be addressed. By creating a targeted approach that addresses every point on the patient landscape, utilizes CHWs, increases awareness, and creates tools that are affordable, accessible, and specific to the infection, UTIs will no longer prove to be a prevalent issue in rural communities.


Summer 2015 Lab Work

Conclusions:

1. Teslin paper is not a good choice. Regular printer paper gives a good color change but

is flimsy and must be attached to a stick so it doesn’t tear. Watercolor paper gives a good color change and is durable and does not require a stick.

Next step: Test to see if color changes in the pH strip are influenced by the

acidity of the paper.

2. Printing is not a good method due to printer failures. Clogged ink heads are the most

common failure and can be cleaned by disassembling the printer and flushing with vinegar. This will most likely not be viable in Kenya because it happens so often. Printers are designed only for original manufactured ink. Each printer is disassembled differently but the most recent model is take apart like this: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=E0kDN0ccBZg

3. Alternative methods that have been tested are stamps and Fantastix pens. Stamps are

large and do not transfer a solid area to the paper so are less reliable. Fantastix pens work well but may look sloppy if the person manufacturing the strips is not careful.

4. Manufacturing is the best option. Details of the best manufacturers can be found in the

corresponding Excel file. The best deal I’ve found so far is for pH strips priced at 3.2 cents/strip. Alibaba.com is a great resource for finding manufacturers.

5. The N-(1-naphthyl)-ethylenediamine dihydrochloride solution, used in the Nitrite test, is

only stable for one month

pH Testing Picture: